![]() Sixteen of the 68 ketamine infusion with PCA bolus patients (24%), 77 of the 203 hydromorphone and ketamine patients (38%), and 28 of the 44 morphine and ketamine patients (64%) experienced an ADE. Of these patients, 121 experienced at least one ADE (38%). Results: A total of 315 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Patient charts were reviewed for ADEs including psychological and neurological side effects, nausea, and new-onset tachycardia. Perioperative information including patient characteristics and preoperative morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD) were collected. Methods: The medical records of patients who underwent spine surgery between March 2016 and March 2020 who were postoperatively treated with a ketamine infusion and as-needed PCA boluses and parenteral opioids or treated with a combined opioid and ketamine PCA were reviewed. The objectives of this study were to compare the incidence and type of ADEs in postoperative spine surgery patients on ketamine infusions with as-needed PCA boluses to patients on combined opioid and ketamine PCAs. However, the incidence of ADEs with ketamine infusions with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) boluses compared with combined opioid and ketamine PCAs is not well described. ![]() There are several known adverse drug effects (ADEs) associated with ketamine. Objective: There has been increasing use of ketamine at subanesthetic doses as an adjunct to opioids in perioperative pain management. Tiffany M Pouldar, 1 Dermot P Maher, 2 Alexander W Betz, 1 Jeffrey J Wiegers, 1 Jeremy A Friedman, 1 Sameer S Zaidi, 1 Ali Rejali, 3 Hai P Tran, 3 Roya Yumul, 1, 4 Charles Louy 1ġDepartment of Anesthesiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA 2Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pain Medicine Division, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA 3Department of Pharmacy, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA 4Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine-UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USAĬorrespondence: Charles Louy, Department of Anesthesiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd #8211, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA, Tel +1 31, Email
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